Tsunami hydrodynamic modeling: standards and guidelines

We review standards and guidelines (S + G) for inundation models that are used to evaluate hazards from tectonic- and landslide-triggered tsunamis. Standards and guidelines have evolved in the past fifteen years through the contributions of Professor Phil Liu in numerical, analytical, and laboratory studies. These S + G have been developed over the past two years to assist in the assessment of computational models used in the production of inundation maps in the US and elsewhere. When unvalidated models are used for making inundation projections, they may result in excessive estimates - one celebrated case assessing the impact of a 1700-type tsunami from the Cascadian Subduction Zone, the authors projected four times the inundation heights that had been observed in the sediment record for the 1700 event; panic resulted Among the local emergency management who did not know whether to rely on the new projections or oil the inundation maps which had been obtained with validated models. The consequences of low projections are equally ghastly. To limit these occurrences, S + G are urgently needed. The standards refer to benchmark tests for numerical model validation, while the guidelines refer to procedures to ensure that the adoption of any particular set of predictions For the impact of future tsunamis