Taking Father Manuel José Martins Capela’s Diary as the main information source, mostly during the years between 1901 and 1913, this article purports to express and reason about some relevant questions reported to Portuguese Catholic Church during troublous transition from Monarchy to Republic: the social role of Church during the period of political alternating; the defence of Monarchy and patriotic rituals; social conflictuality and monarchy fragility; conflicts inside Church and reformative intentions; “games” of influence during a period of legislative inefficacy; the “Catholic Union” as a project that failed because of some clergymen’s political involvement and “modernist”attitudes; dissolution of ecclesiastic life after the republican...