Employing sensor network based opportunistic spectrum utilization for agricultural monitoring

In this work, a cognitive Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN) technology-based sensor network for agricultural monitoring is proposed. In WRAN technology, a Consumer Premise Equipment (CPE) and a base station communicate through incumbent channels opportunistically without causing any harmful interference to incumbent operations. Because CPE in IEEE 802.22 WRAN is considered as a fixed device, CPE with sensing capability is suitable for wireless sensor network environment in agriculture monitoring where there is no need for node mobility. The proposed network model consists of terrestrial and underground networks. In terrestrial network, CPEs employ Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technique with the purpose of sensing environmental data such as temperature, pressure, etc. and transmitting them to the base station. In the underground network, underground sensor nodes use Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) technique with the aim of sensing underground data such as humidity, soil mineral, etc. and transmitting them to the base station via cluster heads. After obtaining the analytical model of the proposed network, the simulation model of the network is carried out using Riverbed Modeler. The graphical results prove the validity and applicability of the proposed network in terms of throughput and energy consumption without any spectrum cost for agricultural monitoring in rural areas. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.WOS:0005714974000082-s2.0-8508727666