Specifics of the employment status of higher education teachers

Posebnosti delovnopravnega položaja visokošolskih učiteljev izvirajo iz posebnega statusa univerz, na katerih delujejo, saj to niso samo institucije posebnega pomena, temveč imajo določeno univerzitetno avtonomijo, ki je v posameznih državah različno definirana in pravno normirana. Ustava Republike Slovenije določa, da so državne univerze in državne visoke šole avtonomne. Kljub dejstvu, da Ustava Republike Slovenije slovenskim državnim univerzam priznava institucionalno avtonomijo in jo na splošno definira v ZVis, je zaradi popolne regulacije posameznih področij prekomerno omejena z zakonsko ureditvijo nekaterih vidikov delovnih razmerij visokošolskih učiteljev. Kadrovska avtonomija univerz naj bi predstavljala visoko stopnjo samoregulacije na štirih področjih, in sicer pri zaposlitvenih postopkih na univerzi, pri določanju plačnega sistema in politike določanja plač, pri pristojnosti univerze za določanje lastnih kriterijev za napredovanje ter možnosti univerz v postopkih prenehanja delovnih razmerij, vendar prihaja v Republiki Sloveniji do posegov v avtonomijo univerze. Slovensko visokošolsko pravo ne pozna koncepta zakona o univerzi, v katerem bi bile urejene vse posebnosti delovnopravnega položaja visokošolskih učiteljev, ki ne morejo biti prepuščene splošni delovnopravni in uslužbenski zakonodaji. Posebnosti delovnopravnega položaja visokošolskih učiteljev so vprašanja, ki so bila v preteklem razvoju visokošolskega prava neustrezno določena ali sploh niso bila vključena v visokošolsko zakonodajo. Posebnosti delovnopravnega položaja visokošolskih učiteljev je zaslediti pri postopku zaposlitve, pri izvolitvi v naziv, ki je pogoj za zasedbo delovnega mesta, pri definiranju delovnih obveznosti in določitvi delovnega časa, ki terja specialno ureditev, ki izhaja iz narave dela visokošolskih učiteljev. Posebno ureditev terja tudi atipična oblika dela na domu, ki je vezana na znanstvenoraziskovalno delo visokošolskega učitelja. Visokošolski učitelji so nosilci izobraževalnega in znanstvenoraziskovalnega procesa na univerzah, kar pomeni, da je za njih izobraževanje nujno potrebno, še posebej je izpostavljen mednarodno uveljavljen institut sobotnega leta (sabbatical), kjer zakonska (ne)ureditev pušča pravno praznino. Prenehanje delovnega razmerja in poseg v socialno varnost je pomemben institut tudi za visokošolskega učitelja, predvsem pri odpovedi pogodbe o zaposlitvi iz razloga izgube naziva ter iz razloga "prisilne upokojitve."The specifics of the employment status of higher education teachers stem from the special status of the universities in which they operate, as these are not only institutions of special importance, but have a certain university autonomy, which is differently defined and legally regulated in individual countries. The Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia stipulates that state universities and state colleges are autonomous. Despite the fact that the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia recognizes institutional autonomy for Slovenian state universities and generally defines it in the ZVis, due to the full regulation of individual areas it is excessively limited by the regulation of certain aspects of employment of higher education teachers. The staff autonomy of universities should represent a high level of self-regulation in four areas, namely in employment procedures at the university, in determining the salary system and wage setting policy, in the university\u27s competence to determine its own criteria for promotion and possibilities of universities in termination procedures. However, in the Republic of Slovenia, there are interventions in the autonomy of the university. Slovenian higher education law does not know the concept of the University Act that would regulate all the peculiarities of the employment law position of higher education teachers, which cannot be left to general labor law and service legislation. Specifics of the employment status of higher education teachers are issues that have been inadequately defined in the past development of higher education law or have not been included in higher education legislation at all. The specifics of the employment status of higher education teachers can be traced in the recruitment process, in the election to the title, which is a condition for holding a position, in defining work obligations and determining working hours, which requires special arrangements arising from the nature of higher education teachers. Atypical form of work at home, which is linked to the scientific research work of a higher education teacher, also requires special regulation. Higher education teachers organize the educational and scientific research process at universities, so for them education is crucial for the work of every higher education teacher, especially the internationally recognized sabbatical year, where legislation leaves a legal gap in its implementation. Termination of employment and interference with social security is also important for a higher education teacher, especially in the event of termination of the employment contract due to the loss of the title and due to the fulfillment of the conditions for retirement