Philip II. of Macedon and the rise of the Macedonians

Vzpon antične Makedonije je pogosto povezan s imenom Aleksandra Velikega, medtem ko je njegov oče Filip II Makedonski manj znana zgodovinska osebnost in se mu v splošnem diskurzu običajno ne pripisuje velikega pomena. Sodobnejša odkritja in prizadevanja postavljajo Filipa II Makedonskega v drugačno luč ter kljub pomanjkanjem virov in dokazov postopoma odkrivajo uvid v dejansko naravo njegovega prispevka k vzponu Makedoncev. Okoliščine, v katerih sta oba kralja sprejela vladavino nad svojo deželo, se pomembno razlikujejo in segajo od ene v drugo skrajnost. Filip je prevzel nestabilno in izčrpano deželo na robu propada, Aleksander pa mogočno silo z najmodernejšo opremljeno in visoko izurjeno vojsko ter bogatimi finančnimi sredstvi. Razkorak med eno in drugo skrajnostjo je rezultat Filipovega dela: sistematično izpeljanih korakov spretnega obvladovanja velikih realnih tveganj, premišljenega in preračunljivega razvijanja odnosov z nasprotniki in zavezniki ter manipulacije med njimi, inovativnega in intenzivnega razvoja organizacije in tehnologije vojskovanja, hkrati pa pogumnega lastnega udejstvovanja in izpostavljanja v kombinaciji z retoričnim motiviranjem in zagotavljanjem lojalnosti. Podroben pregled Filipovih življenjskih dosežkov v kontekstu dejanskih okoliščin jasno kaže njegovo ključno in temeljno vlogo v vzpostavljanju temeljev in izhodišč, ki so Makedoniji pod vodstvom sina Aleksandra kasneje omogočili nadaljnjo širitev v končno podobo imperija svetovnih razsežnosti.The rise of ancient Macedonia is often associated with the name of Alexander the Great, while his father Philip II of Macedonia is a well-known historical figure and is not usually given much importance in general discourse. More modern discoveries and efforts place Philip II of Macedon in a different light, and the key to the lack of sources and evidence gradually reveals insight into the true nature of his contribution to the rise of the Macedonians. The circumstances in which both kings accepted the rule over the country vary and range from one extreme to the other. Philip took over an unstable and exhausted country on the brink of collapse, and Alexander a mighty superpower with a state-of-the-art equipped and highly trained army and rich means of financing. The gap between one extreme and the other is the result of Filip\u27s work: systematically carried out steps of skillful management of large real risks, thoughtful and calculated management of relations with opponents and allies and manipulation between them, innovative and intensive development of organizations in military cooperation technologies. exposure combined with rhetorical motivation and ensuring loyalty. A detailed review of Philip\u27s life achievements in the context of the actual circumstances clearly shows his key and fundamental support in laying the foundations for the starting points that enabled Macedonia under his son Alexander to later expand into the final image of a world-class empire