The Yin Technique: Theory and Practice of Persuasive Discourse in China during the Warring States Period (5th to 3rd Centuries BC)

Los autores del artículo traducen del chino clásico y comentan varios textos que pretenden ilustrar la relación entre la teoría y la práctica del discurso persuasivo durante el período de los Reinos o Estados Combatientes (SS. VIII a. C.). Los textos proceden de dos obras diferentes: Zhanguoce, una compilación de documentos pre-Qin realizada por Liu Xiang en época Han (finales del siglo I a.C.), y Lüshi Chunqiu, una colección enciclopédica emprendida bajo las instrucciones de Lü Buwei, ministro del Estado de Qin, en el siglo III a.C. La suasoria política (shuì) tiene como protagonistas por excelencia al consejero y al soberano. En las anécdotas que proporcionan ejemplos concretos de la exercitatio retórica se observa un planteamiento decididamente marcado por las desiguales relaciones de poder entre ambos, donde domina el diálogo sobre el monólogo. En esas condiciones, el suasor despliega una estrategia indirecta que, desdeñando el virtuosismo elocutivo, pretende en todo momento no violentar las expectativas de su auditorio unipersonal.The authors of this paper translate from Classical Chinese and comment on various texts that are intended to illustrate the relationship between the theory and practice of persuasive discourse during the Warring States period (5th to 3rd centuries BC). The texts come from two different works: Zhanguoce, a compilation of pre-Qin documents made by Liu Xiang in the Han period (late 1st century BC), and Lüshi Chunqiu, an encyclopedic collection undertaken under the instructions of Lü Buwei, Qin State Minister, in the 3rd century BC. The political suasoria (shuì) has the counselor and the king as protagonists par excellence. In the anecdotes that provide concrete examples of the rhetorical exercitatio, an approach decidedly marked by the unequal power relations between both of them is observed, where dialogue dominates on monologue. Under such conditions, the persuader develops an indirect strategy that, disdaining any virtuosity of elocution, tries first and foremost not to challenge the expectations of his one-person audience.peerReviewe