Transcript dynamics in wounded and inoculated scots pine

Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by Latvian Council of Science, grant number 284/2012 “Investigation of molecular defense mechanisms in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)” and European Regional Development Fund Postdoctoral research aid, grant number 1.1.1.2/VIAA/3/19/510. The APC was funded by the Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Comparative transcriptome analysis provides a useful tool for the exploration of plant– pathogen interaction by allowing in-depth comparison of gene expression between unaffected, inoculated and wounded organisms. Here we present the results of comparative transcriptome analysis in genetically identical one-year-old Scots pine ramets after wounding and inoculation with Heterobasidion annosum. We identified 230 genes that were more than 2-fold upregulated in inoculated samples (compared to controls) and 116 downregulated genes. Comparison of inoculated samp les with wounded samples identified 32 differentially expressed genes (30 were upregulated after inoculation). Several of the genes upregulated after inoculation are involved in protection from oxidative stress, while genes involved in photosynthesis, water transport and drought stress tolerance were downregulated. An NRT3 family protein was the most upregulated transcript in response to both inoculation and wounding, while a U-box domain-containing protein gene was the most upregulated gene comparing inoculation to wounding. The observed transcriptome dynamics suggest involvement of auxin, ethylene, jasmonate, gibberellin and reactive oxygen species pathways and cell wall modification regulation in response to H. annosum infection. The results are compared to methyl jasmonate induced transcriptome dynamics.Peer reviewe