Bahasa dan kuasa: analisis wacana bahasa perundingan Nabi Yusuf AS dengan saudara-saudara Baginda: Language and power: discourse analysis of the language of negotiation between Prophet Yusuf AS and his siblings

Perundingan merupakan salah satu bentuk interaksi sosial yang digunakan dalam proses perdamaian antara individu mahupun kumpulan yang berkonflik. Kemahiran penggunaan bahasa yang efektif dalam perundingan sangat penting bagi memastikan objektif perundingan dapat dicapai khususnya dalam pembinaan hubungan yang baik antara kedua-dua belah pihak. Kajian ini memberi fokus kepada cara Nabi Yusuf AS menggembleng bahasa dalam mengubah amalan sosial iaitu konflik antara baginda dengan saudara-saudaranya melalui wacana perundingan. Secara khususnya, kajian ini dilakukan untuk melakukan deskripsi terhadap dialog antara Nabi Yusuf AS dengan saudara-saudaranya semasa proses perundingan menerusi penganalisisan terhadap i) penggunaan bahasa sebagai medium utama perundingan; dan ii) hubungan kuasa perunding dengan bahasa dalam perundingan. Artikel ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis wacana al-Quran, metode al-Jurjānīy serta analisis wacana kritis, metode Fairclough (1992; 2003). Wacana perundingan yang dipilih untuk tujuan analisis ini ialah teks dialog antara Nabi Yusuf AS dan saudara-saudaranya daripada surah Yūsuf dalam tiga fasa perundingan iaitu perundingan penyediaan bekalan makanan, perundingan penahanan Bunyāmīn dan perundingan perdamaian. Berdasarkan pendekatan analisis wacana kritis Fairclough itu, dimensi tekstual kajian ini meliputi modaliti, partikel dan struktur teks. Manakala dimensi amalan wacana dibataskan kepada daya ujaran sahaja. Analisis dimensi amalan sosial diperlihatkan melalui pertalian antara kedua-dua dimensi. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat praktis sosial yang menggambarkan wujud penggunaan kuasa dalam wacana perundingan Nabi Yusuf AS dengan saudara-saudaranya di samping penggunaan bahasa baginda yang bersifat persuasif, tegas dan santun yang membentuk hubungan sosial antara mereka.Negotiation is a form of social interaction used in the peace process between individuals and conflicting groups. The skill of using effective language in negotiations is essential to ensure that the objectives of the negotiation can be achieved, especially in the development of good relations between the two sides. This study focuses on how Prophet Yusuf a.s. galvanized the language in changing social practices, namely the conflict between him and his brothers through the discourse of negotiations. In particular, this study was conducted to describe the dialogue between Prophet Yusuf a.s. and his brothers during the negotiation process through analysis of i) the use of language as the main medium of negotiation; and ii) the relationship of the negotiator's power with the language in the negotiation. This paper uses qualitative approach through analysis of Quranic discourse, Al-Jurjaniy methodology as well as critical discourse analysis, Fairclough (1992;2003). The discourse of the negotiation chosen for the purpose of this analysis is the text of the dialogue between Prophet Yusuf a.s. and his brothers from Surah Yusuf in the three phases of the negotiations, which are the negotiation on the preparation of food supplies, the Bunyamin detention negotiations and the peace negotiation. Based on Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach, the textual dimensions of this study include modalities, particles and text structure. While the dimensions of discourse practice are limited to the power of speech only. The analysis of the dimensions of social practice is shown through the relationship between the two dimensions. It can be pointed out that there is a social practicality that describes the use of power in the discourse of the negotiation of Yusuf a.s. with his brothers in addition to the use of language for him that is persuasive, assertive and polite that forms the social relationship between them