Surface modification and improvements of wicking properties and dyeability of grey jute-cotton blended fabrics using low-pressure glow discharge air plasma

Herein, we reported the improvements of wicking properties and dyeability of the jute-cotton blended (40:60) fabrics due to the effect of low-pressure glow discharge (LPGD) air plasma under selected exposure times. The microscopic features, functional groups, wettability, contact angles, wetting area, wicking rates, and reflectance values of the jute-cotton blended fabrics were analyzed using numerous experimental techniques. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to investigate the morphological and compositional modifications of plasma-treated jute blended cotton fabrics. The compositional analysis confirmed various functional groups such as –OH, C–O, and COO− on the surface of jute blended cotton fabrics. The average pore radii and diffusion coefficient were calculated by using the modified Lucas-Washburn equation. The plasma-treated fabrics were shown to have an average pore radius of 0.93, 1.46, 2.26, and 4.8 μm under treatment time of 5,10,15, and 20 min. Nearly 50% reduction of contact angle was observed after a plasma treatment time of 20 min. The absorption to scattered ratio, K/S (determined using Kubel-Munk model) of the colored fabrics with 5 min pre-treated plasma was 6.47, although it was raised up to 8.51 after 20 min of pre-treatment. A reactive dye, Bezaktiv Red S–3B, was used for the dyeability test, and our findings showed that the dyeability and the wettability of the fabric were substantially enhanced with the treatment time of LPGD air plasma. Among the samples, only 10 min plasma pre-treated colored fabric exhibited a color difference of less than one compared to the standard one