Bian yuan shang de jia: nei ya bian jiang shang Zhuoni wang guo de cuo wa she hui, 1862–1952

Ph.D.This dissertation investigates the social-political mechanisms utilized by the Tibetan rulers and local societies of the Chone Kingdom to cope with China’s transformation from an empire to a nation-state from 1862 to 1952. Combining written records and field materials, it offers a bottom-up perspective to comprehend the socio-political resilience of the kingdom and local tsowa societies under the impact of waves of social violence, natural catastrophe and the Chinese state-building process. It illustrates the slow collapse of the Chone Kingdom and the uneven social, economic, cultural and religious transitions of its tsowa societies. It argues that the evolving political system and the tsowa organization in the kingdom generated a “local state” for Tibetan authorities and societies to preserve themselves, resist external interventions and adapt to the central powers’ incorporations. This local state was also employed by the Qing Empire to indirectly control this region, co-opted by the Chinese nation-state to establish direct governance, and utilized by the frontier Chinese and Muslims to survive the repeated frontier violence. Thus, this research examines the initiatives of the Chone rulers, local Tibetan authorities and societies to work with each other and serve their own ends. It highlights that the Chinese regimes mainly aimed to replace the political system of this local state, resulting in the incomplete nation-state building in this Tibetan borderland.本文調查卓尼王國中的藏族統治者和本地社會在1862至1952 間應對中國從帝國轉型到民族國家過程中所使用的社會和政治機制。結合文本記錄和田野資料，本文提供一個自下而上的視角去理解此王國和當地措哇社會在不斷的社會暴力、自然災難和中國國家建設過程中的社會政治韌性。它闡述卓尼王國的緩慢瓦解和它的措哇社會的不平衡的社會、經濟、文化和宗教變遷。它論辯了這個王國在演進中的政治制度和措哇組織為藏族權威和社會催生了一個“本地國家”來保全自身，反抗外部干預和適應中央權力的兼並。此“本地國家”也被清帝國用來非直接管控這個地區， 被中國現代國家採納來建立直接統治，並被邊疆上的漢族和回族用來在不斷的邊疆暴力中生存。此項研究因此檢視卓尼統治者、當地藏族權威和社會互相協作並滿足自身需求的能動性。它強調中國政權主要意圖取代這個本地國家的政治制度，造成了這個藏族邊疆上不完整的民族國家建設。Yang, Zhiqiang.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2020.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 370-396).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on March 14, 2022).Yang, Zhiqiang