Ecological impacts of genetically modified crops - Experiences from ten years of experimental field research and commercial cultivation

There is general scientific agreement that gene flow from GM crops to sexually compatible wild relatives can occur. Experimental studies have shown that GM crops are capable of spontaneously mating with wild relatives, however at rates in the order of what would be expected for non-transgenic crops. Few studies have shown that GM herbicide tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape (Brassica napus) can form F1 hybrids with wild turnip (Brassica rapa) at low frequency under natural conditions. Questions remain whether these transgenes would cause ecologically relevant changes in recipient plant populations..