Local agro-ecological knowledge in peri-urban vegetable farming systems, Chiang Mai, northern Thailand

More than half of the world's population live in urban areas, and a growing proportion of the population live in or around large cities. Livelihoods in the peri-urban interface are severely affected by land use changes and transformation. The nearby urban markets lead to more focus on production of high value, perishable vegetables and fruit, as well as high-priced off-season vegetable production. Small-scale farmers in peri-urban areas try to maximize outputs from small plots of land by overuse of harmful chemicals. However, farmers face a multitude of constraints in the rapidly changing..