In vitro and in silico analysis of phytochemical compounds of 96% ethanol extract of semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) leaves as a bone formation agent

Objectives: Osteoporosis is the result of an imbalance in the rate of bone resorption and bone formation due to a decrease in estrogen. Phytoestrogens are plant compounds with structures and functions similar to estrogen. Phytoestrogens that bind to estrogen receptors in bone cells are able to modulate bone formation. Semanggi (Marsilea crenata Presl.) is a plant that contains phytoestrogens. The purpose of this study was to observe the expression of osteocalcin and predict the content of extract phytoestrogens through a computer simulation study to study the bone formation activity of the 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata leaves on hFOB 1.19 cells. Methods: hFOB 1.19 cells were cultured in 24-well microplates, and 96% ethanol extract of M. crenata Presl. leaves was added at 62.5, 125 and 250 ppm. The expression of osteocalcin was analyzed using CLSM immunocytochemistry. Using PyRx 0.8 software and 1EREprotein for molecular docking, the compound was analyzed by computer. Results: The 96% ethanol extract of M. crenataPresl.leaves can increase the expression of osteocalcin, the optimal dose is 125 ppm, and p