Chemical and isotopic features of Li-rich brines from the Salar de Olaroz, Central Andes of NW Argentina

The lithium-rich brines of the Salar de Olaroz in the Central Andes of NW Argentina are considered to be of great economic and strategic interest. This study focused on the fluid source(s) and geochemical processes governing the chemical and isotopic characteristics of the surficial waters of Olaroz (residual brines, ephemeral lakes, rivers and tributary streams), aiming to define the mechanisms leading to such a huge Li reservoir. The chemistry of the Rosario River, which is one of the main sources of recharge of the Salar de Olaroz, is mostly controlled by fluid inputs from hydrothermal systems located north of the salar (in the volcanic areas of Rosario de Coyaguayma, Pairique, and Cono Panizo). The hydrothermal fluids are characterized by relatively high Li concentrations, as they interact with Li-rich rocks pertaining to Miocene – Pliocene volcanic formations, Ordovician sedimentary deposits, and, possibly, pre-Ordovician crystalline basement. In the salar, the hyperarid climate regulates the relative proportion between supplied waters and evaporation, inducing deposition/dissolution of salts, which controls the concentrations of main ions in brines and ephemeral lakes. Hence, the peculiar combination of a Li-rich primary source, the hydrothermal scavenging by geothermal fluids that feed the Rosario River, and secondary concentration processes affecting the surficial water within the salar leads to the formation of the huge Li reservoir characterizing this area.Fil: Franco, María Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Peralta Arnold, Yésica Jael. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Santamans, Carla Daniela. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: López Steinmetz, Romina Lucrecia. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Tassi, Franco. University of Florence; Italia. Institute of geosciences and earth resources; ItaliaFil: Venturi, Stefania. University of Florence; Italia. Institute of geosciences and earth resources; ItaliaFil: Jofré, Cynthia Betina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Caffe, Pablo Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Córdoba, Juan E.. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentin