Importance of sleep in the performance and health of the athlete

Sleep is a fundamental determinant in the performance and health of the athlete. At present, some experts define it as the best recovery strategy due to its physiological and restorative effects. Athletes should be encouraged to sleep longer than the general population, due to the recovery demands imposed by the exercise. The present review looks for to clarify the factors that affect, the effects of these on sports performance and health, as well as describe the most decisive strategies to improve the quantity and quality of the athlete's sleep. Consequently, it is important the schedules of sporting events, the psychosocial stress of the athlete, the use of electronic devices, travel to compete, the use of stimulating substances such as caffeine or alcohol intake, among others. Different strategies such as sleep extension, naps, sleep hygiene and nutritional strategies should be considered in improving the athlete's sleep.