Abstract (ENG): In the eighteenth book of Homer's Iliad, the first representation of the trial in Western culture appears on the Achilles’ shield, forged by Hephaestus, where the competitive spirit of classical Greece is manifested. The scene described on the hero’s aegis is an extraordinary anticipation of the fair administration of justice, the legal structure of which is exhibited at least in four fundamental steps: the contestation of the lawsuit; the dispute between the parties; the proof of the facts; the third party's judgment. The trial is the most important phenomenon of the city of peace, in which the culminating moment of judgment is depicted. The image indicates the legal and social order of the polis, which originates from the ...