National audienceThis paper tests the principle of an analysis of scientific contents, related to an examination ofthe norms of rationality. In the second half of XIIIth century, optics was a controversial topic on the matter of extramission vs. intromission of visual rays. Grosseteste, Bacon and Pecham took part to this dispute. The analysis of linguistic acceptations of truth in this time shows that the norms of rationality clearly partakes of authority. Now, following Augustine's authority, Franciscan scientists ought to have maintained the intromission thesis, but did not. Therefore, the study of this controversy escapes to the programme of relativism defended in the field of sociology of scientific knowledge. It incites to confine the ...