Theoretical analysis of threeresearch apparatuses about media and information literacy in France

In this article, we compare three projects about mapping digital-, media-and information literacyin France. For this study, we first used the concept of " apparatus " in Foucauldian (1977) and Agambenian sense (2009). After this analysis, we calledon Bachelard(1932) and his distinction between phénoménotechnique and phénoménographie