Current Status of <em>Fusarium</em> and Their Management Strategies

Fusarium spp. is one of the most economically important plant pathogens causing a wide range of plant diseases with significant crop losses globally. Fusarium wilt is a major problem all over the world. Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium fujikuroi are economic importance species in worldwide. Fusarium solani causing disease in many agriculturally crops and favored by high temperatures and warm moist soils. The fungus produces three types of asexual spores; microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospores serve as propagules in infecting host plants and found endophytes and saprophytes. The color of the colony, length and shape of the macroconidia, the number shape of microconidia and the presence or absence of chlamydospores are key features for the differentiation of Fusarium species. Pathogens, forms over 100 formae speciales cause disease in dicot and monocot plant species and infecting a variety of hosts. Vegetative compatibility Groups (VCG) is used to differentiate their races. Resistant cultivars and bio-control agents (Trichoderma spp., and Psedomonas spp.) have been used to manage the disease