New migrations to Israel and the emergence of a cosmopolitan Tel Aviv

International audienceDuring the 90's, Israel and the Palestinians were unable to reach a Peace agreement and this unsuccessful period led to the production of a new Israeli ethnoscape. With a more and more frequent closures of the borders of Israel (in its pre-1967 limits) to the Palestinians workers, the Israeli government had to authorize the entrance of Foreign workers from Eastern Europe (Romania, Poland) but also from Asia (Thailand, the Philippines). With the fear of their “settlement”, these new “faces” of Israel gradually caused a debate in which were underlined the social cleavages of Israel. This debate took all the more importance that to the first non Jewish immigrants were added those from West Africa and South America (pushed to Israel by the globalization). These regular and irregular immigrations raised the question of the Jewish identity of the State and in the same time have drawn the limits of an Israeli cosmopolitanism.With the example of Israel, the aim of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of the forms of emergence of "new cosmopolitanisms" and to propose some critics on a concept elaborated to describe the tension existing between national discourse and globalisation