On Mars, the major infrared signature of the surface consists of a broad absorption band at 3 µm. It is mainly associated with the presence of H2O molecules or –OH groups and provides insight about the presence of water ice and the hydration level of soils. It is observed both at the surface and in the atmosphere which contains clouds and dust. In this thesis, we use the 15 years dataset of the Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activité (OMEGA), as well as new measurements provided since spring 2018 by the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) onboard the Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) to study this 3 µm signature.The OMEGA/Mars Express imaging spectrometer reached Mars in 2004 to map the entire surface of the planet between 0.3...