International audienceMore than 25 years after the Piaget-Chomsky debate about what is innate and what is acquired in the development of language, do the arguments and theories proposed at that time still stand, or have they been overridden by newer proposals? The current paper emphasizes three research directions among the recent advances in cognitive science. These directions offer alternate proposals to the generative linguistics theory of language development. First, the “item-based” theories of language development, which stress that development of language knowledge goes from specific to general and are part of the cognitive linguistics theories. Second, theories that reject the idea of a uniform adult linguistic competence, which is ...