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Not AvailableWith the rise in population, under future scenarios, global food demand is expected to increase. Biotic and abiotic factors such as climate change are threat to food security owing to its variability, occurrence, duration and magnitude of extreme events. Since, the climate change is unequivocal, the adaptations and mitigations for sustainable agricultural production can minimize its negative impact on agriculture and improve food grain productivity. The grain yield of rice and peanut was simulated for the base period (1969–1999) and future periods 2020 (2011–2040), 2050 (2041–2070) and 2080 (2071– 2100) under A2 and B2 scenarios of HadCM3 Global Climate Model. Under the A2 and B2 scenarios, the yield of both rice and peanut declined from base period to the future periods 2011–2040, 2041–2070 and 2071–2100. The cultivar ‘IR 36’ was found to be more sensitive to rising temperature under future climate scenarios as compared to ‘Swarna.’ The yield decline for future climate scenarios increased with locations from higher (Kharagpur and Cuttack) to lower latitude (East Godavari and Vizianagaram). Earlier transplanting time of rice compared to normal (15 July) and sowing time of peanut from normal (9 February) increased the simulated yields of rice-peanut system at higher latitude and reduced the yield loss at lower latitude in future climate scenarios. Delayed planting caused maximum grain yield reduction of the cropping system in future climate scenarios at all the locations.Not Availabl