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Not AvailableWe report for the first time the draft genome of Indian major carp, rohu widely cultured in Indian subcontinent. The scaffold N50 was found to be 1.95Mb with annotation of 26,400 protein coding genes. Resequencing of 10 riverine rohu populations identified ~5 million SNPs which will provide a valuable resource for undertaking genome wide association studies, genomic selection, population genomics and fine-mapping of QTLs in this species. Phylogenetic analysis taking protein sequences of 335 single copy genes of 14 Otophysans revealed that rohu carp (Labeoninae) was at a position equidistant to the other species in the Otophysi clade, forming a sister group. All the six families and four subfamilies under the four otophysan lineages were monophyletic. The draft genome of rohu and SNPs generated in the present study represent essential resource for genetic improvement of important performance traits in this species. Besides, the information generated will provide foundation for future research in evolutionary biology and comparative genomics.Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Gov. of India, New Delhi, India vide Sanction Grant No. BT/PR3688/AAQ/3/571/201