Methode zur Bewertung von Smart Home Flexibilitäten im Energieversorgungssystem

Policies for abating climate change affect both the production and the demand side of the energy supply system. To achieve a more climate neutral energy supply system, the production of electricity and heat from renewable energy sources is supported but also efficiency gains on the demand side are targeted. Efficiency gains in the energy supply of buildings are not only achieved by constructional activities: building technologies can also achieve higher integration of renewable energy by exploiting operational flexibility. This flexibility can be used for objectives of various stakeholders within the energy system. This thesis thus addresses the research demand for an assessment of the use of operational flexibility of smart home technologies that considers both stakeholder perspectives and the full range of building technologies. The aim of this thesis is assessing the use of a portfolio of technologies for supplying heat and electricity to buildings regarding the stakeholder-specific benefits, energy key indicators, and the influence on the electrical distribution grid. Starting with an analysis of typical building supply technologies, the requirements for modelling and parametrising said technologies are derived and the resulting technology models are presented. The objectives of various stakeholders are represented by parametrising a range of developed simulation models and optimisation problems for the operational planning of flexibilities located in smart homes. The results from these different approaches are subsequently assessed and compared regarding the identified criteria. The assessment uses an exemplary application of the developed approach to a model city quarter for presenting the results of the stakeholders’ objectives. Strategies using the operational flexibility of building technologies that are applied by the building users themselves show very little change in economic and energy-related indicators. These strategies affect the electrical distribution grid less than a change in the buildings’ technological configuration. Operational planning within smart homes can save up to 20% of the energy supply costs in buildings with high flexibility. Strategies using the operational flexibility of building technologies that are applied by building-external stakeholders like energy communities or distribution grid operators affect individual buildings both positively and negatively. The revenue from a community-oriented operational planning needs to be fairly distributed in order to counteract the resulting disparity