Berücksichtigung dezentraler Flexibilitätspotenziale in der Simulation von Strommärkten

The expansion of renewable energies and the electrification of the transport and heating sector create an increasing need for flexibility in the power system. At present, flexibility is provided by large-scale power plants. However, these are subject to a declining trend. At the same time, new types of decentralized units characterized by high flexibility potential are being installed on the distribution grid level. Therefore, the provision of flexibility through decentralized units is increasingly discussed. Market simulation methods are used to examine the effect of new flexibility options on the electricity markets. Thereby, the interactions between the generation and consumption side are simulated. However, conventional market simulation approaches focus on centralized flexibility, while decentralized flexibility is only considered in aggregated form. This raises the question of the extent to which the consideration of individual decentralized units leads to better simulation results. The goal of this research is to develop a market simulation method that models individual decentralized units and accounts for the interactions with the centralized generation system. For this purpose, a conventional aggregation approach is combined with a subsequent disaggregation. Thereby, the aggregated market result is decomposed into the associated decentralized units and checked for technical feasibility. In order to determine the advantage of the consideration of individual units, simulations with and without disaggregation are compared. The results show that a purely aggregated approach leads to an overestimation of the decentralized flexibility potential by 2–5 %. The main advantage of the disaggregation, however, lies in the consideration of the interactions between individual units. Finally, the market simulation method is applied to a future scenary in 2035 in order to quantify the effect of flexible and inflexible operation of decentralized flexibility options on the electricity markets. The results show that the flexibilization of electric vehicles and photovoltaik home storage systems in particular has the greatest impact on the electricity markets