Bachelor’s thesis describes the types of optical fibers, their structures and properties. The basic parameters of optical fibers and standards for single-mode fibers are defined. The differences between the various connectors and the polishing of the ferrules are also described. The next section describes the multichannel transmission technology and its modifications, as well as the FFTx technology. In the next part, the work deals with measurements on optical fibers, the most common measurement methods are listed. The reader will learn what to do and also what not to do when manipulating with optical elements. The attached diagrams show the test polygon, as well as the measured and calculated values of the attenuation of its parts