Dynamics of flow in trapezoidal enclosure having a heated inner circular cylinder containing Casson nanofluid

In this article, simulation of the two-dimensional flow of natural convective transport in the partially heated lid-driven trapezoidal cavity was presented with finite element method using software called COMSOL Multiphysics®. Inside the cavity a stationary circular cylinder with a high temperature has been placed. The enclosure was filled with Cu−H2O nanofluid. The flow is assumed to be two-dimensional and has been examined when the parallel sides of the cavity are adiabatic. The temperature on non-parallel sides is assumed to be cold. The top wall of the cavity moves with a velocity η0 in the positive x-direction, and the considered fluid is a non-Newtonian Casson nanofluid. Computation has been done for the Rayleigh numbers 104,105 and 106, the Casson fluid parameter 0.1,0.5, and 1, and the nanofluid solid volume fraction 0 and 0.15. Prandtl number is kept fixed at Pr=6.2 throughout the calculations. Isotherms and streamlines were sketched to visualize the distribution of temperature and flow field in the cavity. The impacts of governing parameters such as Casson parameter, solid volume fraction, Rayleigh number on heat transfer, and flow field were numerically computed and analyzed. Average Nusselt number also exhibited in a tabular and graphical form to signify the rate of heat transfer in the cavity. It was found that the centers of the two larger circulations were observed to migrate towards the top wall of the cavity as the Rayleigh number increased. Furthermore, heat transport was enhanced as the concentration of nanoparticles increased