Applying Agile Beyond Information Technology and Software

Today's warfighters are bombarded with information and faced with challenging decision spaces as technology exponentially expands and threat environments become more complex. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are advancements that can lessen the burden on the warfighter. AI systems offer far-reaching benefits—improving situational awareness and detection and understanding of threats and adversary capabilities and intents; identifying and evaluating possible tactical courses of action; and offering methods to predict outcomes and effects of course of action decisions. AI systems are the key to understanding and addressing highly complex tactical situations. AI systems offer advantages to the warfighter, but only if these systems are engineered and implemented correctly and in a manner that lessens the warfighter's cognitive load. Implementing AI systems for defense applications presents unique challenges. This paper identifies four unique challenges and describes how they affect the tactical warfighter, the engineering design community, and national defense. This paper offers solution ideas for addressing these unique challenges through defense acquisition and systems engineering initiatives.Prepared for the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943.Naval Postgraduate SchoolApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited