Comparison of the effect of receiving three different stresses during pregnancy on anxiety in male rats

Introduction: Evidence shows that pregnancy conditions have a lasting effect on the fetus. This study aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal three common stresses, namely electromagnetic field, social stress, and movement restriction on the anxiety in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, pregnant female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including 1. Control (with normal pregnancy) 2. Group exposed to electromagnetic field 2. The group receiving immobility stress and 3. Social stress group. The 3 treatment groups received one of the name different stresses daily from the 8 to the 18th day of pregnancy. 3 months after birth, the anxiety level of the male offspring was assessed using plus-maze. Results: The mean percentage of open arms entrance and their presence duration was significantly decreased in offerings that were under all three types of fetal stress compared to the control (P