Multi-Agent System-Based Hierarchical Protection Scheme for Distribution Networks With High Penetration of Electronically-Coupled DGs

With the increasing penetration of distributed generations, preserving the protection system coordination is of great importance for the distribution network operation. This paper presents a supplementary protection strategy for the multi-agent system (MAS)-based hierarchical protection scheme (HPS). The primary level of MAS-based HPS clears the fault and preserves the protection coordination while the higher levels update the relay settings. The key advantage of the proposed supplementary scheme is that the primary level can autonomously and quickly preserve the protection coordination when the main relay is during the time-consuming process of updating settings in the case of network operating condition change. By adopting converter-based DGs as the only MAS agents, the proposed supplementary scheme divides the distribution network into several zones that communicate together using point-to-point communication. Without communicating with higher protection levels, the supplementary protection limits the influence of DGs on the fault current by controlling the produced power of each zone. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated through several simulation case studies on the Isfahan distribution network