Electronic excitation spectra of cerium oxides: from ab initio dielectric response functions to Monte Carlo electron transport simulations

Nanomaterials made of cerium oxides CeO2 and Ce2O3 have a broad range of applications, from catalysts in automotive, industrial or energy operations to promising materials to enhance hadrontherapy effectiveness in oncological treatments. To elucidate the physico-chemical mechanisms involved in these processes, it is of paramount importance to know the electronic excitation spectra of these oxides, which are obtained here through high-accuracy linear-response time-dependent density functional theory calculations. In particular, the macroscopic dielectric response functions [small epsilon, Greek, macron] of both bulk CeO2 and Ce2O3 are derived, which compare remarkably well with the available experimental data. These results stress the importance of appropriately accounting for local field effects to model the dielectric function of metal oxides. Furthermore, we reckon the energy loss functions Im(−1/[small epsilon, Greek, macron]) of the materials, including the accurate evaluation of the momentum transfer dispersion from first-principles calculations. In this respect, by using Mermin-type parametrization we are able to model the contribution of different electronic excitations to the dielectric loss function. Finally, from the knowledge of the electron inelastic mean free path, together with the elastic mean free path provided by the relativistic Mott theory, we carry out statistical Monte Carlo (MC) electron transport simulations to reproduce the major features of the reported experimental reflection electron energy loss (REEL) spectra of cerium oxides. The good agreement with REEL experimental data strongly supports our approach based on MC modelling, whose main inputs were obtained using ab initio calculated electronic excitation spectra in a broad range of momentum and energy transfers.A. P. acknowledges Fondazione Caritro and DICAM (University of Trento) for the financial support under the CARITRO project High-Z ceramic oxide nanosystems for mediated proton cancer therapy. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 840752 NanoEnHanCement of P. d. V., as well as from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and the European Regional Development Fund (Project no. PGC2018-096788-B-I00), from the Fundación Séneca (Project no. 19907/GERM/15) and from the Conselleria d'Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport de la Generalitat Valenciana (Project no. AICO/2019/070)