Gender differences in child-to-parent violence risk factors

Child-to-parent violence (CPV) has attracted enormous academ-ic interest. Despite this, few studies compare the risk factors between fe-male and male perpetrators of this abuse toward parents. This paper com-pares 56 male and 35 female CPV offenders, evaluated with the Child-to-Parent Violence Risk assessment tool (CPVR). Results show that girls came from significantly more problematic contexts (with bidirectionality of violence, violence between parents, cohabitation problems and personal problems of parents, and had significantly lower self-esteem. Boys had sig-nificantly more histories of substance abuse issues and greater rates of es-calation of violence. Overall, both sexes had similar prevalence rates for most variables, the type of violence committed was comparable (although injuries toward fathers were only perpetrated by boys), and female perpe-trators had more problematic families than their male counterparts. CPVR scores significantly predicted injuries toward the mother for male offenders (AUC = .842), but not for female offenders (AUC = .660). These results support the use of common treatments and tools for female and male CPV offenders. Future steps and developments in the field are also discussed. Keywords: Child-to-parent violence; Gender differences; Risk factors; Vi-olence risk assessment