Confining and chiral properties of Quantum Chromodynamics in extremely strong magnetic fields

In this Thesis we study the influence of an external large magnetic field on non-perturbative aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics. The latter are investigated by means of Monte-Carlo lattice simulations for two choices of the external field eB = 4,9 GeV^2, a range so far unexplored. The string tension at vanishing temperature and the phase transition at finite temperature are discussed in the general picture of a deconfinement enhancement induced by the background field. At the end, a sketch of the QCD phase diagram in the T−eB plane is proposed