This dissertation offers a rereading of the main research works and theoretical models focusing on urban institutions and on urban regulation, that have for long belonged to the area of studies concerning “local government”. The aim here is to underline the difficulties faced as soon as power among cities is analysed without systematically comparing it to the functioning of the central State. Despite these difficulties, analysing processes of regulation among cities has become a perfectly legitimate area of study. Today, such is indeed the ambition of numerous research projects. Nevertheless, a great number of these research projects refer to new forms of urban accountability that must be taken into account in the study of contemporary urba...