Physical vacuum behind Higgs mechanism in the Abelian-gauge interaction

The concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking is reconsidered from a new viewpoint. We examined massless fermions and antifermions coupled to the Abelian-gauge field. These fermions are formulated in the path-integral, and the space-time explanation on the raison d'etre of antiparticles by Feynman is applied to them. It is shown that the relationship between massless fermions and antifermions depends on the observer, and as a state with the lowest-possible energy to all observers, physical vacuum that realizes spontaneous symmetry breaking is derived. The fermion mass arises from the condensed field-energy of the gauge field, and the gauge-boson mass arises from the condensed kinetic-energy of the massless Fermi field. The Higgs-like boson appears when a local excitation propagates in the physical vacuum, the mass of which is obtained as the excitation energy. With the effective coupling of this Higgs-like mode to gauge bosons, the total cross section of a reaction through this Higgs-like mode is calculated. Renormalizability of this model is discussed using the inductive method. Since the Higgs Lagrangian is not assumed, the divergence we must renormalize is only the logarithmic divergence, not the quadratic one.Comment: 19 pages, 17 figure