Computer simulation of partial discharges in voids inside epoxy resins using three-capacitance and analytical models

Epoxy resin is one of the most common polymers used as part of the insulation system in key electrical assets such as power transformers and hydrogenerators. Thus, it is necessary to know their main characteristics and to evaluate their condition when subjected to High Voltage (HV). A brief review of epoxy resins’ applications as insulating materials is made, their main characteristics as insulating media are given, the improvements with nano-fillers are summarized and the main electric properties required for Partial Discharges (PD) modelling are listed. In addition, the theoretical background and state-of-the-art of the three-capacitance and analytical models for simulating PD in solid dielectrics, such as epoxy resins, are reviewed in detail. Besides, their main advantages and disadvantages are presented, some critical arguments to the modelling procedure and assumptions are made and some improvements are proposed, taking into account conclusions made from other authors using models related to the PD development process. Finally, a case study was simulated using a modified three-capacitance model and the analytical model. The PD rate, q-φ-n diagrams and the minimum, mean and maximum PD electric charge are compared with measurements reported in the literature. Simulation results are in reasonable agreement with measured values. Capacitance models can be implemented in general purpose electric circuit simulation packages; however, its simulation is computationally expensive. Additional to this, although the modified three-capacitance model is not as accurate as finite elements or analytical models, results are also in agreement with real data