Bio-CCS från biogasanläggningar

Negative emissions of greenhouse gases will be essential for reaching the goal of net-zero emissions by 2045. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a technique that collects CO2 with the purpose to permanently store it outside of the atmosphere. When CCS is applied to streams of CO2 with biogenic origin, negative emissions are achieved and this is called bio-CCS. Biogas production with upgrading has great potential for applying bio-CCS since CO2 is already separated during the upgrading process. As the separation process is a costly step for all other industries with CO2 emissions, bio-CCS from biogas plants can become the most cost-efficient implement of this technique. This thesis work aims to study the distribution chain of CO2 between biogas plants and a terminal in a bio-CCS system. The studied biogas plants have an annual CO2 production of 1 500-15 000 ton/year and the distances to the terminal can range up to 200 km. The study combines literature studies, communication with actors in industry and simulation of different alternative distribution systems in Matlab to determine which is the most efficient distribution system. The results of this study can be used for planning a strategic implementation of a distribution system for CO2 from biogas plants. The most cost efficient, and one of the most energy efficient solutions, was distribution with stationary storage tanks at the biogas plants and transportation by trucks optimized for maximum load capacity. Upon implementation of this solution for distribution of CO2, the average cost may amount to 230-245 SEK/ton and the energy usage for the transportation may amount to 26-27 kWh/ton. The logistics of the system may be performed by 1-2 vehicles. The most energy efficient distribution system was transportation by pipeline, but this system was only profitable for transportation distances up to one kilometre