This chapter is about national discourses in the Balkans, where nationalism and populism have been constitutive of the elite national narratives. By discussing greek "national" identity and its transformations from the orthodox community within the Ottoman system towards a national identity of a Nation-State in the 19th century, it proposes a critical analysis of identity representations through the study of concepts belonging to the domain of kinship. It allows to re-examine the classic paradox between tradition and modernity, here between romeic and hellenic culture, and explore the relation between "high culture" and nationalism.Il s'agit d'une exploration des discours nationaux dans le monde Balkanique, où nationalisme et populisme fure...