Una sociedad inasible. La inestable constitución de lo social en el pensamiento de Claude Lefort

In this work I develop a series of concepts and ideas from Claude Lefort's political philosophy to think about the relationships of "men" with their forms and conditions of political existence. I will begin by referring to the general features of his philosophy, especially the inquiry and postulation of social logic, principles and articulations as keys to reading political events and phenomena. Then, I will advance on a set of concepts interrelated as a way of exposing three central ideas around the "instability" of the social: firstly, the understanding of politics as a decisive process of institution, ordering or unification of the ontological divisions of the society; secondly, I will analyze the image that Lefort offers of a society that is operating on itself through its own voice, taking advantage of the “fruits” of political freedoms and the legitimacy of the debate on the legitimate and the illegitimate that modernity brought with it. ; and, thirdly, I will address the "adventure" that according to the author begins with the proclamation and dissemination of human rights understood as a vector of social instability change. Finally, I will critically review the assumption of a society in which an ontological antagonism operates and whose "politics" seems to become almost exclusively an ethic of electoral competition.Este trabajo pretende definir conceptos y esquematizar ideas provenientes de la filosofía política de Claude Lefort para pensar las relaciones de los “hombres” con sus formas y condiciones de existencia políticas. En primer lugar me referiré a los rasgos generales de la filosofía de Lefort y luego avanzaré sobre tres conjuntos de conceptos interrelacionados, desarrollando las argumentaciones y explicaciones que los despliegan, que sostienen sus vínculos, sus referencias y los integran en un movimiento y en una constelación de ideas más abarcadora, a saber: “Lo social, lo político y las divisiones antagónicas”, “La modernidad, la democracia y el pueblo” y “El Estado, la sociedad civil y los derechos del hombre”. Finalmente, y a modo de conclusión, repasaré críticamente algunos de los aspectos desarrollados, particularmente, la imagen de una sociedad en la que opera casi exclusivamente un antagonismo simbólico, ontológico, y cuya “política” parece devenir y limitarse casi exclusivamente a una ética de la competencia electoral