Pesni, tancy i slova – osnovy ritual'noj igry èvenkov. Sistematičeskij, terminologičeskij i semantičeskij analiz 28 ritual'nyx pesen

National audienceThe music of the Evenks is essentially composed of a capella songs, performed in solo or responsorial. The shaman accompanies his ritual chant with drum beating. Every song is for the Evenks a mean of ritual action. This article proposes a typology of Evenk music, based upon the analysis of around thirty songs and shamanic rituals. The refrains or the syllables without meaning linked with fixed melodies and pertaining to precise kinship groups, form the yoke on which the singers improvise the ritual words meant to ensure the future of the human beings, the reindeer and the access to chance for hunting. This paper also proposes an attempt of typology of songs according to their musical styles, the meaning of words and to their social and ritual functions. Analyze shows a tight relationship between songs of ordinary persons, the performances of the shaman and the performances of the story-teller.Les chants, les danses et les mots sont les moyens d'action rituel majeurs selon les Évenks, qu'ils soient ceux du chamane ou des gens ordinaires. La musique traditionnelle évenke n'utilisent que très peu d'instruments et est majoritairement constituée de chants improvisés sur une trame musicale et à l'aide de formules métaphoriques. Cet article propose une typologie des types de chants, selon leurs styles musicaux, le contenu des paroles et leurs fonctions rituelles et sociales. L'analyse montre l'étroite relation entre les chants des gens ordinaires, les performances du chamane et celles du conteur