Expressions of heat shock protein 90, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the skin of diabetic rats

Background and Aim: Chronic skin ulceration is a common and painful condition that affects about 15% of patients with diabetes worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expressions of heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the skin of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 rats were divided randomly into two equal groups. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in the rats of Group 2, whereas the rats in Group 1 were kept healthy and served as control. DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate at 120 mg/kg. Rats were considered diabetic if the blood glucose level was above 200 mg/dL. After induction of DM, the rats were monitored daily for 28 days. On day 28, the rats were humanely euthanized, and full-thickness skin punch biopsy was obtained from the dorsal side of the thoracolumbar region. Indirect immunoperoxidase staining was used to evaluate the expressions of HSP 90, iNOS, and VEGF in the skin tissue specimens. Results: The expressions of HSP 90, iNOS, and VEGF in the skin were significantly higher in diabetic rats than in the control rats. On day 28 in diabetic rats, a positive correlation (r=0.65, p=0.01) was detected between mean blood glucose level and the expression levels of HSP 90, iNOS, and VEGF. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that DM upregulated the expressions of HSP 90, iNOS, and VEGF in the skin tissues of diabetic rats and may impact the healing of skin wounds. However, this study was preliminary and further studies to investigate this relationship are warranted