Occurrence of epigeic groups, with emphasis on the families of beetles (Coleoptera) in various types of soil management

Article Details: Received: 2020-10-27 | Accepted: 2021-03-14 | Available online: 2021-09-30 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.03.167-173 The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of epigeic groups of animals in five types of soil management. Research areas were marked as V1-EKO, whereas on the V1 area, mulching technology was used, on the V2 area, conventional technology, on V3 area, minimization technology, on the V4 area, no-till technology and the EKO area was managed in an ecological way. A ground pitfall trap was placed in the variety of a hybrid of Triticum aestivum × Triticum spelta – PS Lubica. The experiment was carried out between 2016 and 2018 in the research areas of the Research Institute of Plant Production in Borovce. In the course of three years, 11,365 specimen from 8 epigeic groups and 6 families were collected. At the eudominant level, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera groups were found in every research area. At the dominant level, Arachnoidea group were found on the V1 research area. and larvae on the EKO research area. The most numerous variant in terms of the number of individuals, but the number of groups also, collected over three years, was variant 1 – mulching technology. This means that shallow tillage, which decreases evaporation, soil loose and eliminates the weeds, is most beneficial to epigeic groups. Based on the statistical evaluation, we were unable to demonstrate the effect of rainfall on the occurrence of groups each year in the compared research areas. On the contrary, we were able to demonstrate the effect of temperature changes on the occurrence of epigeon.Keywords: epigeic groups, Coleoptera, ecological agriculture, pitfall trap ReferencesAratrakorn, S., Thunhikorn, S., & Donald P.F. (2006). Changes in bird communities following conversion of lowland forest to oil palm and rubber plantations in southern Thailand. Bird Conser Int, 16, 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270906000062Balmford, A., Green R.E., & Scharlemann J.P.W. (2005). Sparing land for nature: exploring the potential impact of changes in agricultural yield on the area needed for crop production. Glob Change Biol, 11, 1594–1605. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001035.xBrussaard, L., Ruiter, P.C., & Brown, G.G. (2007). Soil biodiversity for agricultural sustainability. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 121(3), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.12.013Donald, P.F., Sanderson F.J., Burfield I.J., & Van Bommel F.P.J. (2006). Further evidence of continent‐wide impacts of agricultural intensification on European farmland birds 1990–2000. Agricul Ecosyst Environ, 116, 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.02.007Field, C.B., Campbell, J.E., & Lobell, D.B. (2008). Biomass energy: the scale of the potential resource. Trends Ecol Evol, 23, 53–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.12.001Diehl, E., Wolters, V., & Birkhofer, K. (2012). Arable weeds in organically managed wheat fields foster carabid beetles by resource-and structure-mediated effects. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 6(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-011-9153-4Gallé, R., Happe, A.-K., Baillod, A. B., Tscharntke, T., & Bátary, P. (2018). Landscape configuration, organic management, and within-field position drive functional diversity of spiders and carabids. Journal of Applied Ecology, 56, 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13257Hurka, K. (1996). Carabidae of the Czech and Slovak Republic. Zlín: Kabourek. 9–35 s. (a) ISBN 80-901466-2-7.Lieskovský, J., Bezák, P., & Izakovičová, Z. (2010). Protection of representative landscape ecosystem of Slovakia – new landscape ecological approach. In: 10th International multidisciplinary scientific geoconference: SGEM conference 2010, pp. 717–72. https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2017-0044Mazúr, E., & Lukniš, M. (1980). Geomorphological units. In Mazúr, E. (ed.) Atlas of the Slovak Socialist Republic. Bratislava: SAV a SÚGK, pp. 54–55Melnychuk, N.A., Olfert, O., Yongs, B., & Gillott, C. (2003). Abundance and diversity of Carabidae (Coleoptera) in different farming systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 95, 69–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8809(02)00119-6Perrings, C., Jackson, L., Bawa, K. et al. (2006). Biodiversity in agricultural landscapes: saving natural capital without losing interest. Conserv Biol, 20, 263–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00390.xPorhajášová, J. (2019). Impact of Soil Management on Biodiversity of Epigeic Groups. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(6). https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1706_1389713908Ivanič Porhajašová, J., Babošová, M., Noskovič, J., & Ondrišík, P. (2018). Long-Term Developments and Biodiversity in Carabid and Staphylinid (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Staphylinidae) Fauna during the Application of Organic Fertilizers under Agroecosystem Conditions. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 27(5), 2229–2235. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/77072Pokorný, V. (2002). Atlas of beetles. Praha – Litomyšl: Paseka, 144 p. ISBN 80-7185-484-0 Remenár, M. (2017). Recreation area Lake Borovce, documentation for territorial proceedings (CM PROJECT). 60–65 p.Röder, J., Detsch, F., Otte, I., Appelhans, T., Nauss, T., Peters, M. K., & Brandl, R. (2017). Heterogeneous patterns of abundance of epigeic arthropod taxa along a major elevation gradient. Biotropica, 49(2), 217–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12403Scharlemann, J.P.W., Balmford, A., & Green, R.E. (2005). The level of threat to restricted‐range bird species can be predicted from mapped data on land use and human population. Biol Conserv 123, 317–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. biocon.2004.11.019Tieman, L.K, Grandy, A.S., Atkinson, E.E., Marin-Spiotta, E., & Mcdaniel, M.D. (2015). Crop rotational diversity enhances belowground communities and functions in a agroecosystem. Ecology Letters, 18(8), 761–771. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12453Tilman, D. (1999). Global environmental impacts of agricultural expansion: the need for sustainable and efficient practices. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 96, 5995–6000. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.11.599