Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of patient with hyperuricemia and high cardiovascular risk: 2021 update.

none8siUric acid (UA) is the end product of purine metabolism, and its concentration in blood can increase in humans, great apes, and dalmatian dogs as a consequence of a genetic mutation that occurred millions of years ago and contribute to human evolution from less evolved species [2]. These elevated plasma levels of UA are the final result of almost three different mechanisms under genetic control and involve UA production, renal excretion, and gut absorption [3]. Under physiological conditions, UA synthesis and excretion are balanced in the body. Once this balance is disturbed, it leads to hyperuricemia (HU). Typically, male UA levels greater than 7 mg/dL (420 μmol/L) and female UA levels greater than 6 mg/dL (360 μmol/L) are considered hyperuricemia.openBorghi C, Domienik-Karłowicz J, Tykarski A, Widecka K, Filipiak KJ, Jaguszewski MJ, Narkiewicz K, Mancia G.Borghi C, Domienik-Karłowicz J, Tykarski A, Widecka K, Filipiak KJ, Jaguszewski MJ, Narkiewicz K, Mancia G