Pra-Desain Pabrik Dimethyl Ether Dari Gas Alam Melalui Direct Process

Program konversi minyak tanah ke LPG sejak tahun 2007 memberikan dampak besar terhadap konsumsi LPG di Indonesia. Meningkatnya kebutuhan LPG mendorong untuk melakukan impor sehingga beban anggaran pemerintah semakin besar. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut diperlukannya pengembangan bahan bakar alternatif yang dapat menggantikan peran LPG sebagai bahan bakar. Pendirian industri DME (Dimethyl Ether) di Indonesia menjawab akan masalah atas kebutuhan LPG. Ketersediaan bahan baku berupa gas alam yang melimpah, membuat industri DME di Indonesia memiliki prospek yang menjanjikan. Proses pembuatan DME menggunakan direct process yang melalui 3 tahapan proses yaitu tahap reforming, tahap sintesa DME, dan tahap purifikasi DME. Pada tahap reforming gas alam diubah menajdi syngas menggunakan alat autothermal reformer. Syngas yang dihasilkan dari proses reforming pada temperature 1553oC didinginkan untuk memisahkan kandungan air. Selanjutnya syngas dialirkan kedalam DME reactor dan diperoleh konversi sebesar 85%. Produk utama berupa DME dipisahkan dengan byproduct berupa CO2, unreacted syngas, water, dan methanol. Kapasitas produksi DME direncanakan sebesar 260.000ton DME/tahun dengan bahan baku gas alam sebesar 40,15 MMSCFD. Sumber dana investasi pabrik ini berasal dari 30% modal sendiri dan 70% pinjaman jangka pendek dengan bunga sebesar 8,5% per tahun. Dari analisa perhitungan ekonomi didapat hasil-hasil sebagai berikut, dimana nilai Investasi: 2.942.713.909.017 IDR, Internal Rate of Return: 24,79 %, Pay Out Time: 10 Tahun, Break Even Point: 33%. ================================================================================================= The kerosene-to-LPG conversion program since 2007 gives a major impact on LPG consumption in Indonesia. The increasing demand for LPG encourages imports so that the burden on the government budget is getting bigger. Based on these problems, it is necessary to develop alternative fuels that can replace the role of LPG as fuel. The establishment of the DME (Dimethyl Ether) industry in Indonesia answers the problem of LPG needs. The availability of abundant raw materials in the form of natural gas makes the DME industry in Indonesia have promising prospecMaking direct process that goes tthath 3 stages of the process, namely the reforming stage, the DME synthesis stage, and the DME purification stage. In the reforming stage, natural gas is converted into syngas using an autothermal reformer. Syngas produced from the reforming process at a temperature of 1553oC is cooled to separate the water content. Furthermore, syngas is flowed into the DME reactor and obtained a conversion of 85%. The main product in the form of DME is separated from byproducts in the form of CO2, unreacted syngas, water, and methanol. The planned production capacity of DME is 260,000 tons of DME/year with natural gas as the raw material of 40.15 MMSCFD. The source of funds for this factory investment comes from 30% of its own capital and 70% of short-term loans with an interest rate of 8.5% per year. From the analysis of economic calculations obtained the following results, where the investment value: 2.942.713.909.017 IDR, Internal Rate of Return: 24.79%, Pay Out Time: 10 Years, Break-Even Point: 33%