Kajian Pengaruh Polutan Udara Terhadap Penyakit ISPA Pneumonia dan Non Pneumonia di Wilayah Surabaya Barat

Pencemaran udara merupakan hal yang harus cepat diatasi dikarenakan udara merupakan hal yang dibutuhkan oleh manusia untuk menjalani kegiatan sehari-hari. Salah satu penyebab pencemaran udara adalah polutan udara (SO2, O3, dan PM10) yang berada dalam partikulat udara ambien serta faktor meteorologis lingkungan sekitar (arah dan kecepatan angin, kelembaban, radiasi, dan suhu). Polutan udara yang disebutkan merupakan penyebab penyakit pneumonia dan non pneumonia bagi manusia yang menghirupnya. Pneumonia merupakan masalah kesehatan serius yang mengganggu saluran pernapasan terutama pada balita dan lansia. Non pneumonia merupakan penyakit dengan berbagai gejala seperti batuk, sesak nafas, radang tenggorokan, dan iritasi saluran pernapasan. Dalam penelitian ini dibutuhkan data sekunder yaitu data arah dan kecepatan angin, kelembaban udara, radiasi, dan suhu udara yang didapatkan dari Departemen Lingkungan Hidup Kota Surabaya serita konsentrasi setiap parameter yang didapatkan dari SPKU Taman Prestasi Kota Surabaya, serta data penyakit dari Puskesmas yang berada di Surabaya Barat yaitu Puskesmas Tanjungsari, Puskesmas Simomulyo, Puskesmas Manukan Kulon, Puskesmas Asemrowo, Puskesmas Sememi, dan Puskesmas Lontar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji korelasi dan uji regresi linear berganda. Dampak buruk dari polutan udara bagi kesehatan manusia adalah pneumonia dan non pneumonia. Lalu dari setiap data parameter dilakukan penelitian adanya hubungan antara SO2, O3, PM10, arah angin, kecepatan angin, radiasi, kelembaban, dan suhu terhadap kejadian penyakit pneumonia dan non pneumonia di Surabaya Barat periode tahun 2016-2018 menggunakan software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) dan metode Regresi Linear Sederhana. Jumlah pasien kejadian penyakit pnuemonia dan non pneumonia pada penelitian dijadikan variabel Y. Hasil penelitian regresi didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa suhu memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kejadian penyakit pneumonia. Lalu dari hasil penelitian regresi didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa kecepatan angin memiliki hubungan yang positif dan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kejadian penyakit non pneumonia. ===================================================================================================== Air pollution is something that must be addressed quickly because it is something that humans need to carry out their daily activities. One of the causes of air pollution is air pollutants (SO2, O3, and PM10) present in ambient air particulates as well as meteorological factors in the surrounding environment (wind direction and speed, humidity, radiation, and temperature). The air pollutants mentioned are pneumonia and non-pneumonia diseases for humans who experience them. Pneumonia is a serious health problem that interferes with the respiratory tract, especially in infants and the elderly. Non-pneumonia is a disease with various symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, complaining of throat, and shortness of breath. In this study, secondary data is needed, namely data on wind direction and speed, humidity, radiation, and air temperature obtained from the Department of the Environment of the City of Surabaya as well as the concentration of each parameter obtained from SPKU Taman Prestasi Surabaya City, as well as disease data from the Public Health Center located in Surabaya. West Surabaya, namely Tanjungsari Health Center, Simomulyo Health Center, Manukan Kulon Health Center, Asemrowo Health Center, Sememi Health Center, and Lontar Health Center. The method used in this research is correlation test and multiple linear regression test. The bad impact of air pollutants on human health is pneumonia and non-pneumonia. Then, from each data parameter that was carried out, there was a relationship between SO2, O3, PM10, wind direction, wind speed, radiation, humidity, and temperature on the incidence of pneumonia and nonpneumonia in West Surabaya for the period 2016-2018 using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciens) and the Simple Linear Regression Method. The number of patients with pneumonia and non-pneumonia in the study was used as variable Y. The results of the regression study showed that the conclusion that temperature had a positive and significant relationship with the incidence of pneumonia. Then from the results of the regression study, it was concluded that wind speed had a positive relationship and a significant effect on the incidence of non-pneumonia disease