Kajian Dampak Emisi Udara Terhadap Lingkungan pada Proses Produksi Minyak dan Gas Bumi di PT. X Menggunakan Metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

PT. X telah melakukan kajian LCA pada tahun 2019. Namun, belum dibuktikan bahwa program reduksi emisi udara yang telah diimplementasikan efektif dalam mereduksi dampak lingkungan yang terjadi. Pada penelitian ini, kajian LCA dilanjutkan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak lingkungan terbesar yang terjadi dan unit hotspot setelah dilaksanakan program reduksi emisi udara serta menganalisis efektivitas program reduksi emisi udara. Dengan adanya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan oleh PT. X sebagai continuous improvement perusahaan dalam mereduksi emisi udara. Dengan life cycle assessment kita dapat memahami informasi detail mengenai dampak lingkungan terbesar akibat produksi minyak dan gas bumi di PT. X, sehingga dapat menentukan perbaikan yang terbaik untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan yang terjadi dan meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan. Software SimaPro digunakan untuk melakukan analisis LCA, dengan pendekatan midpoint dan menggunakan metode CML-IA Baseline. Adapun kategori dampak yang dikaji pada penelitian ini adalah global warming (GWP 100a), ozone layer depletion, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification dan eutrophication. Emisi udara yang dianalisis yaitu emisi gas CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, SOx, PM, dan VOC. Berdasarkan analisis LCA, dampak lingkungan terbesar yang terjadi di SP A, B, dan C adalah acidification sebesar 3835.63 kg SO2 eq/1000 TOE, dengan unit yang berkontribusi terbesar yaitu compressor (44%). Sedangkan di SP D, dampak terbesar merupakan global warming sebesar 1.69 x 104 kg CO2 eq/1000 TOE, dengan unit flare sebagai kontributor terbesar (56%). Program reduksi emisi udara yang telah diimplementasikan sejak tahun 2019, efektif menurunkan dampak global warming (61%), human toxicity (7%), photochemical oxidation (59%), acidification (31%) dan eutrophication (5%). Perbaikan yang direkomendasikan untuk mengurangi dampak acidification pada unit compressor di SP A, B, dan C yaitu dengan mengganti diesel engine menjadi gas engine dan pemasangan Non-Selective Catalytic Reduction (NCSR). Untuk mengurangi dampak global warming pada unit flare di SP D yaitu dengan memanfaatkan gas flare menjadi compressed natural gas dan melakukan enhance oil recovery menggunakan teknologi carbon capture separation untuk menangkap gas CO2. ===================================================================================================== PT. X had done LCA in 2019. However, it had not been proven that the air emission reduction programs have effectively reduced the environmental impact. In this research, the study of LCA is continued to identify the biggest environmental impact and the hotspot unit after the air emission reduction programs were implemented and analyzed the effectiveness of the air emission reduction programs. Therefore, the information provided in this research could be used by PT. X as an improvement in the effort of reducing air emissions. With life cycle assessment, we could understand detailed information about the biggest environmental impact that occurred in natural gas and crude oil production. Therefore, we could decide the suitable improvement to reduce the biggest environmental impact and could improve the company’s performance. SimaPro software was used to analyze LCA, with midpoint approach and using CML-IA Baseline method to identify the environmental impact. The impact categories analyzed in this research were global warming (GWP 100a), ozone layer depletion, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, and eutrophication. The air emission parameters analyzed in this research were CO2, CH4, N2O, NOx, SOx, PM, and VOC. Based on LCA analysis, the biggest impact that occurred in SP A, B, and C was acidification as much as 3835.63 kg SO2 eq/1000 TOE, with compressor unit as the biggest contributor (44%). Meanwhile, in SP D the biggest impact was global warming as much as 1.69 x 104 kg CO2 eq/1000 TOE, with flare as the biggest contributor (56%). The emission reduction programs that have been implemented, effectively decreased global warming by 61%, human toxicity by 7%, photochemical oxidation by 59%, acidification by 31% dan eutrophication by 5%. Recommended reparations to reduce acidification impact caused by compressor unit in SP A, B, and C was by substituting diesel engine into gas engine and attaching Non-Selective Catalytic Reduction (NCSR) into engine exhaust. To reduce the impact of global warming caused by flare in SP D was by recovering flare gas by processed it into compressed natural gas thus can be used as fuel. Another recommendation was doing enhance oil recovery using carbon capture separation technology to capture CO2 gas