Kajian Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik Apartemen Dengan Teknologi Membran

Kegiatan apartemen mengakibatkan akumulasi limbah domestik yang menyebabkan badan air kehilangan kemampuan pemulihan alamiahnya sehingga mempengaruhi ketersediaan sumber daya air bersih. Pulau Jawa diperkirakan akan mengalami krisis air bersih pada tahun 2025. Sehingga diperlukan sumber lain untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bersih. Salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan daur ulang air limbah menjadi air bersih. Pengolahan air limbah secara konvensional masih menyisakan kontaminan sehingga tidak memenuhi standar air bersih. Membran merupakan teknologi pembersihan yang paling potensial untuk diterapkan dalam daur ulang air. Pengolahan air limbah dengan teknologi membran memungkinkan penyisihan kontaminan-kontaminan berukuran mikron yang tidak dapat disisihkan oleh teknologi konvensional. Oleh karena itu, aplikasi teknologi membran dalam pengolahan air limbah domestik merupakan hal yang menjanjikan. Kajian pustaka lebih mendalam dilakukan untuk mengetahui prinsip kerja, efektifitas penyisihan pencemar dan operasional teknologi membran dalam pengolahan air limbah domestik. Sehingga kajian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi literatur yang membahas masalah pengolahan air limbah domestik dan penggunaan teknologi membran dalam pengolahan air limbah domestik. Serta memberikan alternatif solusi dan rekomendasi penerapan membran untuk pengolahan air limbah domestik kegiatan apartemen Kajian ini merupakan kajian pustaka dengan studi kasus. Kajian pustaka dilakukan dari sumber buku teks, jurnal, laporan penelitian, bulletin, prosiding ilmiah, serta materi workshop yang berkaitan dengan pengolahan air limbah domestik dan penggunaan teknologi membran. Studi kasus dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data sekunder dari jurnal, surta kabar dan website. Data sekunder yang diperoleh kemudian dikaji berdasarkan hasil kajian pustaka untuk merencanakan tipikal pengolahan air limbah domestik menggunakan teknologi membran di apartemen melalui studi kasus. Berdasarkan hasil kajian diperoleh bahwa Membran Bioreactor (MBR) merupakan teknologi pengolahan air limbah domestik dengan efisiensi pengolahan terbesar, yakni sebesar 97%-99%. MBR memiliki prinsip kerja sama seperti proses Lumpur Akitif, hanya saja pemisahan flok pada MBR dilakukan menggunakan filtrasi membran. Ada dua jenis membran yang umum digunakan dalam MBR yakni Mikrofiltrasi (MF) dan Ultrafiltrasi (UF). Sementara untuk konfigurasi MBR sendiri, terbagi atas 2 jenis yakni MBR side stream dan MBR submerged. Pengolahan air limbah domestik dengan MBR, mampu mengolah air limbah domestik dengan persentase penyisihan BOD 97%, COD 85%, NH4+-N 66,8%, Total Nitrogen 61% serta Total Phosporus 45%. Untuk apartemen dengan 2176 hunian, alternatif pengolahan air limbah domestik dengan teknologi membran adalah MBR Sidestream dengan biaya investasi sebesar Rp. 945.178.113,2 hingga Rp. 961.763.476,2. ==================================================================================================== Apartment activities cause the accumulation of domestic wastewater which causes water bodies to lose their natural recovery ability, thus affecting the availability of clean water resources. It is estimated that Java Island will experience a clean water crisis in 2025. So that other sources are needed to meet the needs of clean water. Recycling wastewater into clean water can be a solution to overcome this problem. Conventional wastewater treatment still leaves contaminants, so it does not meet clean water standards. Membranes are the most potential cleaning technology to be applied in water recycling. Wastewater treatment with membrane technology allows the removal of micron-sized contaminants that conventional technology cannot remove. Therefore, the application of membrane technology in domestic wastewater treatment is quite promising. A more in-depth literature review was conducted to determine the working principle, the effectiveness of pollutant removal, and the operation of membrane technology in domestic wastewater treatment. So that this study can contribute literature that discusses the problem of domestic wastewater treatment and the use of membrane technology in domestic wastewater treatment. Also providing alternative solutions and recommendations for the application of membranes in domestic wastewater treatment for apartment activities This study is a literature review with case studies. The literature review was conducted from textbooks, journals, research reports, bulletins, scientific proceedings, and workshop materials related to domestic wastewater treatment and the use of membrane technology. Case studies were conducted by collecting secondary data from journals, newspapers, and websites. The secondary data obtained was then reviewed based on the results of a literature review to plan a typical domestic wastewater treatment using membrane technology in apartments through case studies. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) is a domestic wastewater treatment technology with the largest treatment efficiency, which is 97%-99%. MBR has the same working principle as the Activated Sludge process, except that the floc separation in MBR is using membrane filtration. There are two types of membranes commonly used in MBR, Microfiltration (MF) and Ultrafiltration (UF). As for the MBR configuration itself, it is divided into 2 types, side stream MBR and submerged MBR. Domestic wastewater treatment with MBR can remove domestic wastewater pollutant with removal percentage of BOD 97%, COD 85%, NH4+-N 66.8%, Total Nitrogen 61%, and Total Phosphorus 45%. For apartments with 2176 units, the alternative domestic wastewater treatment with membrane technology is MBR Sidestream with an investment cost of Rp. 945.178.113,2 - Rp. 961.763.476,2