Effect of adding sequence of air-entraining and water-reducing agents on macro-porosity and air-void stability of concrete. AVA measurements

Frost resistance is an important part of Concrete Technology in Northern countries, especially with increasing interest of Fly Ash as a binder product more knowledge of this topic is desired. Nowadays concrete is mixed with use of different admixtures, especially with plasticizer and air entraining agents. The sequence of how the admixtures is being introduced is found to have an influence on how the air void and its parameters are being developed. This work try to study this relation and further how the fly ash do affect this. The following adding sequences are superplasticizer (SP) then air entrained admixture (AEA), AEA then SP and AEA and SP at the same time, this is performed with FA and without FA. With the concrete with FA, 35 % FA was used