Passive envelope design optimization of residential buildings using NSGA-II in different Algerian climatic zones

peer reviewedThe most sustainable building operation is that presents a minimum primary energy consumption, which minimizes the environmental impact. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to optimize the passive envelope design of the multi-family apartment building in Algeria for reducing heating and cooling energy consumption. 12 representative cities are investigated and 20 design variables with their different combinations are simulated. A multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is coupled with EnergyPlus building energy simulation software to obtain the optimal solution according to the Pareto approach. Our optimization approach achieved energy saving ranging from around 21% to 51%.nearly Zero Energy Buildings in Algeria11. Sustainable cities and communitie